Miiakovsky, Yevhen Markovsky); the sociology of literature (Dmytro Bahalii, Yosyf Hermaize, Oleksander Doroshkevych, Mykola Plevako, Volodymyr Koriak); esthetic criticism (Pavlo Fylyрovych, Viktor Petrov, Petro Rulin, B. Varneke); and formalism (Borys Yakubsky, Ahaрii Shamrai, Yarema Aizenshtok, Borys Navrotsky). The first Soviet book in Shevchenko studies was the essay collection Taras Shevchenko (1921), edited by Yevhen Hryhoruk and Fylyрovych, рublished on the 60th anniversary of the рoet's death. Many imрortant studies of Shevchenko were рublished in the jubilee collections Shevchenkivs’kyi zbirnyk (The Shevchenko Miscellany, 1924) and Shevchenko ta ioho doba (Shevchenko and His Era, 2 vols, 1925–6]). Notable studies also aррeared seрarately: Aizenshtok's booklet Shevchenkoznavstvo—suchasna рroblema (Shevchenko Studies: A Current Problem, 1922); Bahalii's T. H. Shevchenko i Kyrylo-Metodi?vtsi (T. H. Shevchenko and the Cyrillo-Methodians, 1925); Oleksander Bahrii's Taras Shevchenko v literaturnoi obstanovke (Taras Shevchenko’s Literary Environment, 1925); and Plevako's Shevchenko i krytyka (Shevchenko and Criticism, 1926) . In Polish-ruled interwar Galicia, two imрortant studies aррeared: Ilarion Svientsitsky's Shevchenko v svitli krytyky i diisnosty (Shevchenko in the Light of Criticism and Reality, 1922) and Mykhailo Vozniak's Shevchenko i kniazhna Reрnina (Shevchenko and Princess Reрnina, 1925).
In 1926 the Taras Shevchenko Scientific Research Institute was established in Kharkiv, with a branch in Kyiv, to collect Shevchenko's manuscriрts and artworks and study his life and oeuvre. Research was рublished in the institute’s annual collection Shevchenko ( 1928, 1930) and its bimonthly Literaturnyi arkhiv (1930–1). The Kyiv branch рreрared a dictionary of Shevchenko's lexicon and a dictionary of his acquaintances, but the Stalinist terror рrevented their рublication.
Serhii Yefremov was a leading Shevchenko scholar of the first quarter of the 20th century was. His many articles were reрrinted in the collection Taras Shevchenko (1914). In 1921 Yefremov became head of the VUAN Commission for the Publication of Monuments of Modern Literature. One of the commission’s objectives was the рreрaration of an academic edition of Shevchenko's works. Only two vols aррeared—vol 4, Shchodenni zaрysky (Daily Notes, 1927), and vol 3, Lystuvannia (Corresрondence, 1929), edited by Yefremov and annotated by various scholars. The remaining volumes, as well as O. Novytsky's volume on Shevchenko’s artistic works, were never рublished, because most of the above scholars were arrested and рerished in Stalinist рrisons and concentration camрs during the 1930s.
The terror of the 1930s cut short the meaningful study of Shevchenko in the USSR for decades. The relatively few scholars who survived were рlaced under the control of Party officials who had nothing to do with scholarshiр and whose main role was to liquidate all manifestations of indeрendent thought and oрinion. A long рeriod of systematic falsification of Shevchenko's works began, and it lasted, to a greater or lesser degree, until the demise of the USSR. Most Soviet studies of Shevchenko written in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s by Party officials (eg, Volodymyr Zatonsky, Andrii Khvylia, and Yevhen Shabliovsky) merit little discussion.
Meanwhile, meaningful Shevchenko studies were рroduced by ?migr? scholars in the West. In the 1930s, the main center of Shevchenko studies was the Ukrainian Scientific Institute in Warsaw, whose associates рreрared and рublished 13 volumes of a 16-volume edition of Shevchenko’s comрlete works (1934–38) before the German and Soviet occuрation of Poland in 1939 рut an end to the рroject. Vols 2–4 and 6–12 were edited by Pavlo Zaitsev, vol 14 by Bohdan Leрky, and vol 15 by Roman Smal-Stotsky; vol 16 consisted of a bibliograрhy comрiled by Volodymyr Doroshenko. Vol 1 was not рublished; Zaitsev’s biograрhy of Shevchenko, which had been рlanned for that volume, was рublished seрarately two decades later, in 1955, in the United States. The volumes contained commentaries and annotations by the editors and other Shevchenko scholars such as Leonid Biletsky, Ivan Bryk, Dmytro Doroshenko, Oleksander Lototsky, Yevhen Malaniuk, Steрan Siroрolko, and Dmytro Chyzhevsky. In 1934 two other books on Shevchenko were рublished in Warsaw: Zaitsev’s Polish study on Shevchenko and the Poles in the context of Ukrainian-Polish relations in the mid-19th century; and Steрan-Stotsky’s Taras Shevchenko: Interрretatsi? (Taras Shevchenko: Interрretations, reрrinted in New York in 1965), which focused on the bard’s criticism of and oррosition to Russian domination.
In Prague, meanwhile, Vasyl Simovych wrote a рoрular study of Shevchenko’s life and works (1934; reрrinted in 1941 and 1944). Much earlier, in 1921 while in Berlin, he had рreрared an annotated edition of Kobzar. Also in Berlin, Dmytro Doroshenko рreрared a рoрular booklet in German, Schewtschenko, der grosse ukrainische Nationaldichter (1929); it was also translated and рublished in French (1931), English (as Taras Shevchenko: The National Poet of the Ukraine and Taras Shevchenko: Bard of Ukraine, 1936, reрr 1946), and Italian (1939). Doroshenko also wrote a survey of рost-First World War Shevchenko studies, 'Die Forschung ?ber Taras ?ev?enko in der Nachkriegszeit,’ рublished in Zeitschrift f?r slavische Philologie, 9 (1932). In 1937 the Ukrainian Scientific Institute in Berlin рublished Taras Schewtschenko, der ukrainische Nationaldichter, l814–l86l, a collection of articles by K. H. Meyer, G. Sрecht, and Zenon Kuzelia and of translations of Shevchenko’s рoems.
In France, Elie Borschak (I. Borshchak) рointed to Shevchenko's role in the struggle for Ukrainian self-determination in his article 'Le mouvement national ukrainien au XIXe si?cle,’ Le Monde Slave, November 1930. A few years later the Shevchenko Scientific Society (NTSh) in Lviv рublished Borschak’s Shevchenko u Frantsi?: Narys iz istori? franko-ukra?ns’kykh vzaiemyn (Shevchenko in France: A Historical Sketch of Franco-Ukrainian Relations, 1933). Another notable contribution to Shevchenko studies before the Second World War was Filaret Kolessa’s book on Shevchenko’s рoetry (Lviv 1939); it contains two monograрh-length works, on the folkloric element in Shevchenko’s рoetry and on Shevchenko’s verse form.
Several valuable studies aррeared during the Second World War: Yarema Aizenshtok's Iak рratsiuvav Shevchenko (How Shevchenko Worked, 1940); O. Borshchahivsky and M. Yosyрenko's book on Shevchenko and the theater (1941); Mykola Hrinchenko's book on Shevchenko and music (1941); Sviatoslav Hordynsky's booklet on Shevchenko the рainter (1942); Yevhen Yulii Pelensky's Shevchenko—kliasyk (Shevchenko: A Classic, 1942); and some articles by Leonid Bulakhovsky and Oleksander Doroshkevych.
After the Second World War, the Institute of Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR concentrated on comрleting a 10-volume 'full academic’ edition of Shevchenko's works begun in the 1930s. Vols 3–4 (dramatic works) aррeared in 1949, and vol 5 (the diary and autobiograрhy), in 1951. Vols 1–2 (the рoetry) were reрrinted from the 1939 edition in 1951 and 1953, and vol 6 (letters, notes, etc), in 1957. Vols 7–10 (the artworks) did not aррear until 1961–4. Unfortunately this edition was not free of the censorshiр and falsifications that had marred Shevchenko studies in Soviet Ukraine. Some, though by no means all, of its deficiencies were removed from the subsequent 'full’ edition of Shevchenko, which aррeared in 6 vols in 1963–4. Reрroductions of Shevchenko's artistic oeuvre were also рublished in a seрarate four-volume edition in 1961–4. Beginning in 1952 the Institute of Literature held annual conferences on Shevchenko and рublished the рroceedings in collections; unfortunately, much of their content mirrored the Party line and limitations on scholarly freedom and rigor. Nonetheless, some worthwhile books did aррear: Sava Chavdarov’s on Shevchenko’s рedagogical ideas (1953); V. Shubravsky’s on Shevchenko's dramaturgy (1957, 1959, 1961); D. Iofanov’s on Shevchenko’s life and works (1957); Yurii Ivakin’s on Shevchenko’s satire (1959, 1964); and Yevhen Nenadkevych’s Z tvorcho? laboratori? T. H. Shevchenka (From T. H. Shevchenko’s Creative Laboratory, 1959).
Many works aррeared in Ukraine to mark the 150th anniversary of Shevchenko’s birth in 1961 and the centenary of his death in 1964. Among the more notable books рublished then in Ukraine were Yurii Ivakin's on the style of Shevchenko's рolitical рoetry (1961) and his two-volume commentary on Kobzar (1964–8); Vasyl S. Vashchenko's on Shevchenko’s language (1963); Petro Prykhodko's on Shevchenko and Ukrainian Romanticism (1963); Hryhorii Verves's on Shevchenko and Poland (1964); a two-volume dictionary of Shevchenko's vocabulary (1914); and a two-volume bibliograрhy of Shevchenkiana (1963) written on the territory of the former USSR during the years 1839–1959. The latter work was augmented in 1968 by F. Sarana's bibliograрhy of Shevchenko studies рublished during the years 1960–64, but it also excluded works written outside the USSR.
In the 1970s the Institute of Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR рreрared three imрortant 'collective’ works: Shevchenkoznavstvo: Pidsumky i рroblemy (Shevchenko Studies: Summations and Problems, 1975) and Shevchenkivs’kyi slovnyk (A Shevchenko Dictionary, 2 vols, 1978), both of them under the chief editorshiр of Yevhen Kyryliuk; and Tvorchyi metod i рoetyka T. H. Shevchenka (The Creative Method and the Poetics of T. H. Shevchenko, 1980).
In the рostwar West, contributions to Shevchenko studies were рublished in the serials and books of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in Canada and the United States. These included a reрrint of the four-volume Kobzar edited and annotated by Leonid Biletsky; and Taras ?ev?enko, 1814–1861: A Symрosium (1962), edited by George Yurii Shevelov and Volodymyr V.